Oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage

Are you aware? Oxidative stress is known to damage sperm DNA, reducing fertility and increasing the risk of complications. Here, the expert helps to decode how oxidative stress impacts sperm DNA and fertility.

Just like females, fertility problems are also rampant in males. Many men suffer in silence due to shame, stigma, and myths linked to this subject. Male fertility is not just about sperm count or motility; the quality of sperm DNA is equally important. Oxidative stress causes DNA damage in sperm, which can affect conception and embryo health.

According to Dr Madhukar J Shinde, Fertility Specialist, Nova IVF Fertility, PCMC, oxidative stress happens when there is an imbalance between free radicals—unstable molecules that damage cells—and the body’s natural antioxidants. Various factors, such as smoking, pollution, poor diet, excessive alcohol, stress, and even intense exercise, can increase free radicals. Over time, these molecules can alter sperm DNA, leading to reduced fertility, higher chances of miscarriage, and potential long-term health effects for offspring.

Free radicals can break strands of DNA in sperm and affect fertilisation. Oxidative damage weakens sperm movement, affecting their ability to reach and fertilise the egg. Stress on cells can change sperm shape, reducing fertility. Damaged sperm DNA can lead to early miscarriage or complications during pregnancy. Consulting an expert and making informed choices is essential for reproductive health.

Tips to reduce oxidative stress and protect sperm: Include antioxidant-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains to neutralise free radicals. Quit smoking and alcohol, which increase oxidative stress and damage sperm DNA. Regular physical activity reduces stress, but avoid excessive workouts. De-stress using meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises to lower cortisol and oxidative damage. Avoid too many hot baths, tight underwear, and prolonged laptop heat exposure on the lap.

Limit exposure to pollution, chemicals, and pesticides, which can impact fertility. Take appropriate doses of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and antioxidant supplements as recommended by a doctor. Men with fertility concerns should get semen analysis and oxidative stress tests to detect DNA damage early. Following these tips can help improve reproductive health and increase chances of conception.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in this article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness program or making changes to your diet.